Exploring new product portfolio management decisions: The role of managers' dispositional traits

Product strategy links to new product development (NPD) through new product portfolio management (NPPM). This dynamic decision process addresses the strategy implementation questions of identifying which new product ideas to pursue and their relative priorities. Despite the importance of NPPM in implementing product strategy, firms exhibit substantial performance-affecting differences. We investigate one potential source for such differences by examining the impact of managers' dispositional factors as a possible explanation. Using a case study research method, we examine differences in NPPM strategies and managers' revealed dispositional traits across three divisions of a single conglomerate firm operating in different business-to-business markets. Based on our analysis, we offer propositions relating managers' dispositions to NPPM strategy: analytic cognitive style is associated with balance, ambiguity tolerance is associated with strategic fit, and leadership style is associated with the relative weights applied to each dimension.     

信息、信任、认知冲突与董事会治理——基于问卷调查

一直以来,公司治理研究偏重董事会结构特征与公司绩效之间的关系,忽略了董事会行为过程影响。文章就董事会行为过程中一系列关键要素如信息获取、努力水平、信任关系和认知冲突对治理有效性的影响进行理论分析,构造了一个行为心理〖CD*2〗治理有效性结构方程模型。利用问卷调查数据,就上述过程变量对治理效率的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,董事会信息获取及其与管理层相互信任状况对治理效率产生显著积极影响;会议频率对战略和服务职能发挥产生显著积极作用;会议出席率、群体认知冲突等因素影响不显著。研究为改善和提高董事会治理效率提供了新的经验证据。     

感知/传输帧结构下基于有效容量的多功率分配策略

传统认知无线网络功率分配时,一般假定主用户（Primary User,PU)状态在一帧内不发生变化,并且未考虑传输时延的问题。在下一代移动网络中,由于主用户活跃程度的提高以及严格的时延要求,上述问题是功率资源分配时亟需考虑的重要方面。针对这种问题,以最大化认知用户可获得的有效容量为目标,采用基于感知/传输帧结构的四状态三功率传输策略,从而满足时延约束要求,且考虑了主用户的活跃程度。建立了系统以及状态转移模型,设计了使用服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)约束的平均信道有效容量优化函数,采用Lagrangian方法详细分析推导了最佳有效容量的理论近似值,并对影响有效容量的不同因素进行了仿真分析。与传统的传输策略相比,在保证主用户正常通信的前提下,采用所提算法,认知用户的有效容量得到了显著提高。     

Product standardisation in the food service industry: post-purchase attitudes and repurchase intentions of non-Muslims after consuming halal food

In order to satisfy the Muslim market segment, many restaurant and fast food companies in Western countries have standardised their products by switching to halal. The purpose of this research is to discover the extent to which non-Muslim consumers in non-Muslim countries experience cognitive dissonance when they think about restaurants and fast food outlets having likely served them halal-produced food, and the extent to which these consumers intend to repurchase halal food. Data came from a total sample of 1097 non-Muslim consumers in Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom. The full model, with religious identity, ethnic identification and interest in animal welfare as antecedents of cognitive dissonance, explained 35% of the variance in consumers’ repurchase intentions. Our findings suggest that many non-Muslims do not have a particular issue with consuming halal food, but they may react negatively if they unintentionally consume halal food and perceive that they have been deprived of information, or worse still, deliberately deceived. The research makes a number of contributions to marketing knowledge with regard to the negative spillover effects that can result from faith-based product standardisation, and the influences of consumer interest in animal welfare and deprivation of product information on consumer behaviour.     

Case study competitions and perceptions of learning among undergraduate students in the United Arab Emirates

Higher education institutions are increasingly employing competitive formats such as case study competitions in business education to enhance students’ learning experience. The authors explore students’ perceptions and experiences regarding affective, cognitive, and skills development factors and whether these perceptions and experiences determine students’ participation in case study competitions in the United Arab Emirates. The authors attempt to contribute to the rather nascent body of literature on case study competitions. The results highlight statistically significant differences between perceived and actual learning with respect to cognitive and affective benefits. Furthermore, a significant positive association is found between participation in case study competitions and respondents’ perceptions and real experiences about various aspects of learning.     

基于GC4016的SDR数字中频接收机滤波器的设计与实现

中频数字化是软件无线电(SDR)系统设计中的一项关键技术。从射频、基带与中频的制约关系出发,结合Graychip公司生产的多通道数字下变频器GC4016芯片,给出了中频数字滤波器的设计方法,从理论上进行了分析和仿真,并在实际工程中进行了实验验证,得到了预期的结果。     

认知无线电中基于循环统计量的频谱空穴检测方法

频谱空穴检测是认知无线电研究的关键技术.针对授权用户信号的循环平稳特性以及它和干扰信号、噪声的循环独立特性,提出了一种基于循环统计量的频谱空穴检测方案.构造了频谱空穴检测的二元假设检验模型,推导了相应的检验统计量.仿真结果表明,在低信噪比情况下,相比传统的能量检测法,该方法具有较优的检测性能,同时能有效地区分授权用户信号与同频干扰信号.     

认知型飞蜂窝网络中的子信道分配与功率控制

为了解决宏蜂窝与飞蜂窝构成的两层异构网络上行干扰与资源分配问题,提出了一种在认知型飞蜂窝的双层异构网中结合子信道分配和功率控制进行资源分配的框架。通过对异构网中跨层干扰问题进行分析与建模,将求解最优子信道分配矩阵和用户发射功率矩阵作为干扰管理问题的解决方法。模型中认知型飞蜂窝网络子信道和飞蜂窝网络用户构成非合作博弈,双方利用效用函数最优值进行匹配,构成初始信道分配矩阵;再由接入控制器根据接入条件从初始信道分配矩阵中筛选用户,并优化接入用户的发射功率矩阵,得到最优子信道分配矩阵和功率矩阵。仿真结果表明,优化框架提高了双层异构网络中飞蜂窝网络用户的吞吐量和接入率,降低了异构网中跨层干扰。     

一种基于无线电环境地图的路由优化机制

设计认知无线网络路由算法时,需要兼顾主用户保护与路由性能两个方面。为了提高认知无线网络中次用户之间路由的端到端性能,提出了基于无线电环境地图的路由优化机制,该机制中无线电环境地图能够为次用户提供主用户保护有关的无线电环境数据。首先,无线电环境地图根据次用户的数据请求将各授权频段的可用概率与功率控制相关信息反馈到该次用户;其次,次用户可以计算出与上一跳次用户之间的链路稳定性以及传输时延;最后,目的次用户通过计算每条路由的端到端吞吐量的期望值,然后选取期望值最大的一条路由。仿真结果表明,该路由机制在平均分组投递率、平均端到端吞吐量、平均端到端时延方面均优于对比路由算法。     

结合全双工与协作干扰的无线网状网物理层安全策略

针对无线网状网中缺少窃听者先验知识不利场景中的安全连接问题,提出了一种结合全双工和协作干扰技术的物理层安全策略。利用全双工通信中的自干扰消除技术和协作干扰技术,提出的安全策略可有效劣化位于信息传播范围内包括潜伏在接收节点附近窃听者的接收性能。为保证信息的安全传输给出了协作干扰节点的选择方法,基于随机几何等数学方法导出了选定路径的安全连接概率表达式。性能分析和仿真结果表明,所提方法与仅基于全双工或协作干扰技术的方法相比,其安全性能有较大提升。